Lean more about secondary education in France: how long does studies last, what subjects do students have and what types of schools exist.
According to the law, education in France is compulsory from 3 to 16 years. Secondary education (enseignement secondaire) is divided into two stages:
The first stage (le Collège) starts at the age of 11 and lasts 4 years. At this time, teenagers study a set of subjects standardized for all schools (French, a foreign language, art, music, art history, physical education, geography, natural sciences, mathematics, computer science). Additionally, they have the opportunity to choose optional classes in the following areas: foreign languages, languages and culture of Europe, languages and culture of Antiquity, choral singing. At the end of the fourth year of study, all students take an exam, after which they receive a diploma of completed secondary education.
The second stage (le Lycée) is also compulsory for most pupils, as the first one ends at the age of 15. The training lasts 3 years. High schools are divided into three types: general, technical and professional. The first academic year is the same for general and technical schools: students are taught the same set of subjects as in the initial stage of secondary school. In addition, they choose one elective subject from the list of general (languages, arts, physical education, ecology and agronomy) and one from the list of technical (management, health, mathematics, science, engineering).
General high schools (baccalauréat général). Starting from the second year, students can choose three of the twelve areas of study (arts, sciences, politics, health, mathematics, etc.). In the last year of the chosen three, they leave only two. A diploma obtained at the end of a general school does not provide employment opportunities, so graduates continue their studies at the university.
Technical high schools (baccalauréat technologique). Here are eight possible areas of study: management, hospitality, health, agronomy, design and applied arts, engineering, laboratory research, theater arts. Despite the applied orientation of specialties, graduates of technical schools after passing the exams also enter universities and higher schools to continue their education.
Professional schools (baccalauréat professionnel). Education here, depending on the direction, takes from two to three years. After the final exams, students receive a certificate of professional qualification (certificat d'aptitude professionnelle) or a diploma of graduation from a vocational school (brevet d'études professionnelles). This type of institution allows graduates to quickly find employment, but despite this, many continue their studies at specialized technical universities.